医学专业英语翻译

医学专业英语翻译

医学专业英语翻译网的医学专业英语翻译译员多毕业于国内外著名医科大学，并在各自的医学专业英语翻译领域有过丰富翻译经验。 医学专业英语翻译人员都经过严格测试，大多有国外留学、工作经历，具有良好的医学专业英语翻译能力。医学专业英语翻译网项目组成员对医学专业英语翻译的文化 背景、语言习惯、专业术语等有深入的把握。医学专业英语翻译网鼎力提供每位医学专业英语翻译客户质量最高、速度最快的医学专业英语翻译。 医学专业英语翻译网凭借严格的质量控制体系、规范化的运作流程和独特的审核标准已为各组织机构及来自全球的医药公司提供了高水准的医学专业英语翻译，不少的医药公司还跟我们签定了长期合作协议。

 

医学专业英语翻译的质量和速度

质量是企业生存和发展的根本，为确保医学专业英语翻译的准确性，项目的全过程如下：

一、庞大医学专业英语翻译团队保证各类医学专业英语翻译稿件均由专业人士担任。

二、规范化的医学专业英语翻译流程 。从获得资料的开始到交稿全过程进行质量的全面控制，并同时做到高效率，快速度的原则。

三、及时组建若干翻译小组，分析各项要求，统一专业词汇，确定语言风格，译文格式要求。

四、医学专业英语翻译均有严格的语言和专业技术双重校对。从初稿的完成到统稿，从校对到最终审核定稿，甚至词汇间的细微差别也力求精确。

五、不间断的进行招聘，充足的人力资源不断汇集医学专业英语翻译界的精英和高手。不断对内部及外聘医学专业英语翻译人员进行系统的再培训工程。

六、曾 6 小时翻译 4.5 万字的速度客户所需。

七、有效沟通。

医学专业英语翻译大项目组协调各方面工作：

高级项目经理

项目经理（Project Manager)

翻译（Translation）

编辑 （Editing）

校对（Profreading）

质量控制（Quality Assurance）

 

医学专业英语翻译技术配备

一、制作部配备有先进的计算机处理设备，多台扫描仪、打印机、光盘刻录机、宽带网络接入、公司拥有独立的服务器，各项领先技术确保所有文件系统化处理和全球同步传输。

二、全球多语系统保证提供病原生物学电子文档翻译件。Windows 系列各种操作平台，Office 系列软件的熟练运用。Photoshop、Freehand、Framemaker、Pagemaker、Acrobat、

CorelDarw　等软件制图排版及设计，充分满足客户对稿件各种格式的要求。

三、不断探索最新的技术成果并运用到医学专业英语翻译中，从而提高医学专业英语翻译质量和效率。

四、翻译软件 TRADOS（Team Version）充分发挥医学专业英语翻译项目的管理和分析能力。

 

医学专业英语翻译词汇

词汇

Acne 痤疮

Acrophobia 恐高症

Amnesia 健忘症

Anemia 贫血（症）

Appendectomy 阑尾切除术

Arrhythmia 心律不齐/失常

Arthrocentesis 关节穿刺术

Benign 良性的

Bladder 膀胱；囊

Bradycardia 心搏徐缓

Bronchitis 支气管炎

Carcinoma 癌

Cardiomegaly 心肥大

Cardiovascular 心脏血管的

Celiocentesis 腹腔穿刺术

Cerebrovascular 脑血管的

Cheiloschisis 唇裂（畸形）

Chilblain 冻疮

Cholelithiasis 胆石病

Cirrhosis 硬化，硬变；肝硬化

Costotomy 肋骨切开术

Dehydration 脱水

Dentalgia 牙痛 （odonto-）

Dextrocardia 右位心

Diabetes 糖尿病

Diarrhea 腹泻

Diffuse 散播，扩散

Dislocation 脱臼

Displacement 取代，位移

Dorsal 背的，背脊的

Dystrophy 营养失调

Endocrine 内分泌

Entrogastritis 肠胃炎

Enterospasm 肠痉挛

Epidermis 表皮，上皮

Esophagus 食管

Gastralgia 胃痛

Gastroptosis 胃下垂

Gout 痛风

Gynecopathy 妇科病

Hematopoiesis 血细胞生成，造血，血生成

Hematuria 血尿症，血尿

Hemorrhage 出血

Hidrorrhea 多汗症，大汗

Hormone 激素

Hypertension 高血压

Intestinal 肠的，肠内的

Laparoscope 腹腔镜

Laryngeal 喉的

Larynx 喉

Lithotripsy 碎石术

Lumber 腰部的

Macula 斑疹，黑点

Mammoplasia 乳腺生长

Marrow 髓，骨髓

Melanin 黑素

Metabolism 新陈代谢

Metastasis 转移 （metastatic，a）

Myalgia 肌痛

Nausea 恶心

Nephromegaly 巨肾 ren/o-

Nevus 痣

Nodule 节结

Obese 肥胖的，肥大的

Obesity 肥胖

Odontolith 牙垢，牙积石

Ophthalmoscopy 检眼镜检查（法） oculo-

Osteomalacia 骨软化

Parturition 分娩，生产

Pediatrics 小儿科

Pericardicentesis 心包穿刺术

Pneumonectomy 肺切除术

Pyuria 脓尿

Renal 肾脏的，肾的

Rhinitis 鼻炎

Sebum 皮脂

Secretion 分泌，分泌物

Splenopexy 脾固定术

Spondylodynia 脊椎病

Sputum 痰

Stethoscope 听诊器

Subcutaneous 皮下的，皮下用的

Telepathy 心灵感应

Tendon 腱

Thyroid 甲状腺，甲状的

Thyroidgland 甲状腺

Ulcer 溃疡

 

Ultraviolet紫外线的

Urinary 尿的，

Urinary track 尿道

Vertebral 椎骨的，脊椎的

Vertebral column 脊柱

Visceral 内脏的

Viscus 内脏 vicera， pl

Vomiting 呕吐

Xanthoderma 黄色皮肤，皮肤变黄

Xeroderma 皮肤干燥症，干皮病

 

(1)    Celtic (凯尔特语) is the earliest language in the British Isles. And Celts (凯尔特人) are known to be the first persons inhabiting the land.

(2) A language family (语系) is group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor. English belongs to the Indo-European family of languages (印欧语系).

(3) English is in the Germanic group (日耳曼语族) of languages.

(4) It is from Anglo-Saxon (盎格鲁-撒克逊语) that our present English is originated and derived.

1.  Medical terms are largely based upon Greek, Latin and French vocabulary. Nearly 75% medical vocabulary comes from Greek and Latin, which are the most productive of medical terminology. One type is the complete words borrowed directly from Greek and Latin. But the number of this kind is limited. The second type is building elements borrowed from Greek and Latin, such as affixes and roots which are in great number and resulted in large portion of derivational words (派生词) in medical English.

2.  Changes in word meaning

a，  Some words which were used to designate one thing but latter changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer, known as transference or transfer of meaning.  (词义的转移)

b，  Specification, also called narrowing of meaning, is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or more specific sense.  (词义的缩小)

C Generalization, also called extension of meaning, is a process by which a word which originally had a specific meaning has now become generalized or has extended to cover a broader and less definite concept.   (词义的扩大)

3. Pronunciation of double consonants

At the beginning of a word, the first consonant is silent.

In the middle of a word, the two consonants are pronounced respectively

4. Penultima Rule(“倒数第二音节”重音规则)

(1) The vowel in penultima is a long vowel (长元音) or diphthong (双元音).

lymphoma

(2) The penultima is a closed syllable.

peristalsis

(3) The penultima is open syllable.

palpebral

(4) Suffixes determining the accents

leukocytopenia

.5 Irregular plural forms

appendix 阑尾

corpus 尸体

diagnosis 诊断

meninx 脑膜

bursa 囊

labium 下唇

lipoma 脂肪瘤

glottis 声门

thorax 胸腔

         appendices / appendixes

corpora

diagnoses

meninges

bursae

labia

lipomas

glottides

thoraces / thoraxes 

 

6 Triology (一词三式)

Referent        Latin             Greek

 

body            corpus            soma

bowel          intestine         entero

breath          respire           pneuma

hand            manus           cheiro-

kidney          ren-               nephr/o-

tongue         lingua-           glossa

vessel          vas                angio- 

7 Movement of morphemes 

A prefix must stand at the beginning of a word. (X)

A prefix must stand before a root.

endomyocarditis,  myoendocarditis  心肌心内膜炎

dyschondroplasia = chondrodysplasia 软骨发育异常

 

8 Affixation (词缀法)

Composition (复合法)

Conversion (转化法)

Blending (拼缀法)

Backformation (逆生法)

Clipping (截短法)

Acronymy (首字母缩略法)

Analogy (类推法)

 

(1)    Affixation (词缀法)

Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to bases. This process is also known as derivation (派生), by which new words are derived from old or base forms. The words created in this way are called derivatives (or derivational words).

Combining vowels are often used if a root is combined with a suffix or another root. A root with combining vowel is called combining form.

(2)Composition (复合法)

Composition or compounding is a word-forming process where two or more words are joined to constitute a new word.

Open compound: kidney failure

Hyphenated compound: fat-free

Solid compound: heartbeat

(3). Blending (拼缀法)

Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.

Medichair                      breathalyzer

(4). Acronymy (首字母缩略法)

 

Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of a group of words.

Words formed in this way are called acronyms (首字母缩略词), which can be subdivided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the pronunciation of the words.

Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter.

An acronym is a word pronounced as a normal word.

9 Root, stem and base

Root：form  that  can’t  be  further  divided

Stem：form  without  inflectional  affixes

Base：form  to  which  all  kinds  of  affixes  can  be  added

free root (自由词根) and bound root (黏着词根)

    simple root (简单词根) and compound root (复合词根)

derm/o-      nephr/o-                   lymphaden/o- 

10, How to gain a root

Some roots can be gained by changing the spelling of the tails.

 

cervix (颈，子宫颈)          

cervic-: cervicitis 子宫颈炎

thorax (胸)                       

thorac-: thoracentesis 胸腔穿刺术

abdomen (腹)          

abdomin-: abdominouterotomy 剖腹子宫切除术

larynx (喉)          

laryng-: laryngalgia  喉痛

 

11. The majority of medical prefixes originate from Latin or Greek prepositions.

A larger proportion of prefixes describe spatial relationship.

12, Real suffix (纯后缀) and positional suffix (位置后缀)

Real suffix is the suffix of medical term denoting grammatical category (word class)

 

Porta 入口

Palatum 腭

Injectio 注射

Arteria 动脉

Sulfas 硫酸

 

Such suffixes as –a, -um, -tio, -us and –as are situated at the tail of words, have no concrete meaning but designate that the words are nouns.

Different  from real suffix, positional suffix has concrete meaning. It is therefore called quasiroot.

 

Building elements

 

cutane-: dermat/o-, derm/o-

ocul/o-: ophthalm/o-

ren/o-: nephr/o-

rhin/o-: nas/o-

dextr/o-: sinistr/o-

hyper-: hypo-

leuk/o-: melan/o-

brady-: tachy-

Hetero-: homo-

 

-poiesis: -lysis

-algia: -dynia

-ectasis: --stenosis

-malacia: -stenosis

-desis: -pexis

abdomin/o-: celi/o-, lapar/o-

-blast: -clast

spondyl/o-: vertebr/o-

macro: micro-

 

 

Writing terms in sentences (initial letters given)

1.      In most species, the kidney is both the sensor organ and the major site of erythropoietin production, so chronic r_enal_____ failure is associated with anemia.

2.      Pain from l______ strain is exacerbated by bending or lifting and relieved by rest. Pain is often described as a deep-seated aching that is dull and somewhat diffuse.

3. Achilles t______ rupture is an injury that affects the back of your lower leg. It commonly occurs in people playing recreational sports.

4. At this clinic, the health worker claimed that the patient suffered from severe diarrhea because of the i________ bacteria. 

5. About 90 percent of skin cancers are caused by long exposure to the u_______ light from the sun.

 

Translation (English-Chinese)

(1)    Back in the hospital, she still had low sodium(钠) in her blood, but a scan showed diffuse lung cancer, metastatic to bones and brain.

在医院，她仍血钠过低，但扫描显示她得了弥漫性肺癌，且癌细胞转移到了骨和大脑中了。

(2) Artificial hips, intended to last 15 years or more, need early replacement far more frequently for reasons like dislocation than because of problems caused by metallic debris (金属碎片).

 

 (3) Some children get the stones, because birth defects (出生缺陷，先天畸形) in the urinary tract (尿路，尿道) put them at risk for urinary obstruction.

一些儿童得结石病是因为他们先天尿道缺陷使他们处于尿道梗塞的危险。

(4) The body gets most of its vitamin D not from diet but from skin exposed to the ultraviolet B radiation in sunlight.

人体的内维生素D大多是从暴露在紫外线的皮肤中获得的，而不是从事物中。

(5) Do you have any other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, back pain, dizziness or headache?

你有任何其他症状吗？如恶心，呕吐，腹泻，腰痛，头晕或头痛。

6) The discovery might lead to a new generation of anti-cancer drugs that prevent tumor cells from spreading to other parts of the body through a process called metastasis.

这一发现可以引导着新一代的抗癌药物，它通过一种转移法可以阻止癌细胞转移到身体其他部位

(7) Your metabolism is the way your body processes everything you eat and drink, converting all that sugar, protein and fat into energy.

新陈代谢就是机体吸收食物，并把它们转化成糖类，蛋白质，脂肪和能量。

(8) Also known as the laryngeal prominence, the Adam’s apple sits right on top of the thyroid gland, so the area is fittingly called the thyroid cartilage (软骨).

喉结位于甲状腺顶部，因此这个区域叫甲状软骨

(9) Inflammation calls more immune cells to the wound to help fight infection, along with collagen (胶原质), a fibrous protein, to help seal the wound shut.

 

 (10) Located near the base of the neck, the thyroid is a large endocrine gland (内分泌腺体) that produces hormones that help control growth and metabolism.

位于靠近颈底部，甲状腺是一个大的内分泌腺，它靠产生激素来促进生长和新陈代谢。

 

(11) In their search for relief, many chronic rhinitis sufferers have turned to nasal saline irrigation, a therapy that uses salty water to flush out the nasal passages.

…许多慢性鼻炎患者转向鼻腔生理盐水冲洗法，它是一种用盐水冲洗鼻腔的一种方法。

(12) Skin color is due to melanin, a pigment produced in the epidermis to protect us from the sun's potentially cancer-causing ultraviolet rays.

 

 (13) Retinal (视网膜的) vein occlusion is affected by multiple factors, and there are lots of misunderstanding and disputation on the diagnosis and treatment.

视网膜静脉阻塞受多种因素影响，且在诊断和治疗上存在很多的误解和争议。

(14) Drinking more than one or two alcoholic drinks a day may increase your risk of mouth, throat, esophageal, liver, and breast cancer.

每天喝一两杯以上的酒精饮料，口腔，咽喉，食道，肝，乳腺癌的风险可能会增加。

(15) You can reduce your chance of dental surgery by having regular checkups, brushing and flossing, and avoiding sugary foods and beverages.

通过定期检查，刷牙和使用牙线，避免含糖的食物和饮料，可以减少你做牙科手术的几率。

附加

 

Thorac/o-

Vertebr/o-、spondyl/o- spin/o-脊椎/柱

 

Hyperglycemia 高血糖     hypertension 高血压

Hyperlipidemia 高血脂     hypotension 低血压

 

Coronary heart disease 冠心病  myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞

cerebral arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化  cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血

cerebral infarction脑梗塞 cirrhosis 肝硬化 renal failure 肾衰竭 diabetes 糖尿病

 

Hidr/o- 汗

alb/i- 白色

melan/o- 黑色

cyan/o- 深蓝色

celi/o-、labi/o- 唇

celi/o-、abdomin/o-、lepar/o- 腹部

dent/o-、odont/o- 牙齿

-crine 分泌

Cyst/o- 囊肿，膀胱

Hyster/o-、uter/o-、metro-、mentra-子宫

oo- 卵子

ovari/o- ovary 卵巢

ovariorrhexis 卵巢破裂

prostat/o- 前列腺

ren/o-、nephr/o-肾

 

mammo-、mast/o-乳

encephal/o- 大脑

cerebr/o-头

angin/o-咽痛；绞痛

phleb/o-、ven/o- vein

 

athlete’s foot 香港脚 blisters 水泡

macula 斑点

nodule 节结

papule 丘疹

pruritus 瘙痒

antibacterial 抗菌药

本文关键字：医学专业英语翻译  医学德语翻译  医学法文翻译  医学法语翻译  医学外语翻译